Indian Space Research Organization
It is the space station of the government of India, head quartered in the city of Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
It’s vision is to ‘harness space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary.
Moto: Space technology in the service of human kind
ISRO was established in the year 1961 to focus the talent of Indian Researchers into advancing the space program. Dr Vikram Sarabhai was the founding father of Indian space program. After the launch of Sputnik in 1957 by Russia, he recognized the potential that satellites provided.
He was born on 12 August 1919. He was an Indian scientist and innovator widely regarded as the father of India’s space program. Dr. Sarabhai was considered as a great institution builder and established or helped to establish a large number of institutions in diverse fields. He was instrumental in establishing the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL).
The establishment of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was one of his greatest achievement. He successfully convinced the government about the importance of a space program for a developing country like India.
Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, widely regarded as the father of India's nuclear science program, supported Dr. Sarabhai in setting up the first rocket launching station in India. This center was established at Thumba near Thiruvananthapuram on the coast of the Arabian Sea, primarily because of its proximity to the equator. After a remarkable effort in setting up the infrastructure, personnel, communication links, and launch pads, the inaugural flight was launched on November 21, 1963 with a sodium vapour payload.
As a result of Dr. Sarabhai's dialogue with NASA in 1966, the Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) was launched during July 1975 - July 1976 (when Dr. Sarabhai was no more). Dr. Sarabhai started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian Satellite. As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian Cosmodrome. Dr. Sarabhai was very interested in science education and founded a Community Science Centre at Ahmedabad in 1966. Today, the Centre is called the Vikram A Sarabhai Community Science Centre.
Centers:
Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC): SHAR, Sriharikota, the Spaceport of India, is responsible for providing Launch Base Infrastructure for the Indian Space Programme. This Centre has the facilities for solid propellant processing, static testing of solid motors, launch vehicle integration and launch operations, range operations comprising telemetry, tracking and command network and mission control centre.
The Centre has two launch pads from where the rocket launching operations of PSLV and GSLV are carried out. The mandate for the centre is (i) to produce solid propellant boosters for the launch vehicle programmes of ISRO (ii) to provide the infrastructure for qualifying various subsystems and solid rocket motors and carrying out the necessary tests (iii) to provide launch base infrastructure for satellites and launch vehicles.
SDSC SHAR has a separate launch pad for launching sounding rockets. The centre also provides the necessary launch base infrastructure for sounding rockets of ISRO and for assembly, integration and launch of sounding rockets and payloads.
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC): It is a major space research centre of the ISRO focusing on rocket and space vehicles for India’s satellite programme. It is located in Thiruvananthapuram, in the Indian state of Kerala. The centre had its beginnings as the thumb an equatorial rocket launching station (TERLS) in 1962. It is one of the main research and development establishments within ISRO.
Liquid Propulsion System Centre (LPSC): It is the centre of excellence in the area of liquid propulsion for ISRO’s launch vehicle and spacecraft programmes. Its headquarters and design office is at Thiruvananthapuram.
ISRO satellite centre (ISAC): ISAC at Bangalore is engaged in developing satellite technology and implementation of satellite systems for scientific, technological and application missions.
ISRO propulsion complex (IPRC): IPRC, Mahendragiri is equipped with state of-the-art-facilities necessary for realizing the cutting edge technology products for ISRO’s space research programme.
National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC): The centre is responsible for remote sensing satellite data acquisition and processing data dissemination, aerial remote sensing and decision support for disaster management.
Master Control Facility (MCF): MCF at Hassan in Karnataka; Bhopal and in Madhya Pradesh monitors and controls all the geo-stationary satellites of ISRO.
ISRO telemetry tracking and command network (ISTRAC): ISTRAC is responsible for providing space operation services that include space craft control, TTC support services and other related projects and services, for the launch vehicle; low earth orbiting space craft and deep space missions of ISRO and other space agencies around the world.
Achievements:
Aryabhata: The Aryabhata spacecraft, named after the famous Indian astronomer, was India's first satellite; it was completely designed and fabricated in India and launched by a Soviet Kosmos-3M rocket from Kapustin Yar on April 19, 1975.
Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV): India successfully tested the launched of indigenously made Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV), capable of launching satellites into orbit around earth and then re-enter the atmosphere, from Sriharikota in Andhra Pradesh. RLV is dubbed as India’s own space shuttle. (The ‘Space Shuttle’ was a partially reusable low Earth orbital spacecraft system operated by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of the Space Shuttle program.)
RLV is the unanimous solution to achieve low cost, reliable and on—demand space access. The making of the Indian space shuttle or RLV-TD has taken five years and the government has invested Rs. 95 crore in the project. This flight will test the capability of the vehicle to survive a re-entry at speeds higher than that of sound. The solution to reducing cost of launching satellites into orbit is to recycle the rocket or make it reusable.
(Nasa grounded its space shuttle programme in 2011 after using its reusable vehicles like Discovery, Endeavor, Columbia and Challenger for over three decades to launch various missions, including the International Space Station (ISS) and the Hubble telescope.)
Indian national satellite system (INSAT): Launched by ISRO in 1983, INSAT is a series of multi-purpose geostationary satellite. It is used for telecommunication, broadcasting, meteorology, search and reuse operations. Commissioned in 1983, INSAT is the largest domestic communication system in the Asia Pacific Region. It is a joint venture of the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan.
Space capsule recovery experiment (SRE-1): On 10 January 2007, an Indian experiment spacecraft was launched using the PSLVC3 rocket from Sriharikota. Before reentering the atmosphere of the earth and diving into the Bay of Bengal, the capsule stayed in the orbit for twelve days.
SRE-1 was designed to demonstrate the capability to recover an orbiting space capsule, and the technology of an orbiting platform for performing experiments in microgravity conditions. It was also intended to test reusable Thermal Protection System, navigation, guidance and control, hypersonic aero-thermodynamics, management of communication blackout, deceleration and flotation system and recovery operations. The information obtained from this technology and experiment is being applied to the design of India's Gaganyaan crewed orbital capsule.
Chandrayaan-1: Is the India's first mission to Moon, was launched successfully on October 22, 2008 from SDSC SHAR, Sriharikota. The spacecraft was orbiting around the Moon at a height of 100 km from the lunar surface for chemical, mineralogical and photo-geologic mapping of the Moon. The spacecraft carried 11 scientific instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany, Sweden and Bulgaria.
After the successful completion of all the major mission objectives, the orbit has been raised to 200 km during May 2009. The satellite made more than 3400 orbits around the moon and the mission was concluded when the communication with the spacecraft was lost on August 29, 2009.
Mangalayaan (MOM): The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also called Mangalyaan is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It is India's first interplanetary mission and it made it the fourth space agency to reach Mars, after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency. It is the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, and the first nation in the world to do so in its first attempt
PSLV-C37: Was the 39th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program and its 16th mission in the XLconfiguration. PSLV-C37 successfully carried and deployed (in one go) a record 104 satellites in sun-synchronous orbits. Launched on 15 February 2017 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, it broke the earlier record of launching 37 satellites by a Russian Dnepr rocket on 19 June 2014. According to ISRO, the 101 international satellites were launched as part of a commercial arrangement between several firms and its commercial arm Antrix Corporation Limited, run under the auspices of the Indian Government's Department of Space. PSLV-C37 is also known as cartosat-2 series satellite. The cartosat-2 serves as, India’s earth observation satellite.
Future Projects:
Chandrayana-II: Is India's second lunar exploration mission after Chandrayaan-1 (will be launched in the January-March window in 2019 ) Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the mission is planned to be launched to the Moon by a Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (GSLV Mk III). It includes a lunar orbiter, lander and rover, all developed by India.
NISAR: The NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission is a joint project between NASA and ISRO to co-develop and launch a dual frequency synthetic aperture radar satellite. The satellite will be the first radar imaging satellite to use dual frequency and it is planned to be used for remote sensing to observe and understand natural processes on Earth
Collected By:
Havyashree G P
Ivy Anjali Dsouza
Lekshmi Priya L
Pallavi V M
Source: Internet
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